Often known as Radiata Pine, especially in a forestry context. Introduced by David Douglas (1799–1834) in 1833.

Considered endangered in its native range across California in the USA, and Guadalupe and Cedros islands in Mexico. Conversely a major plantation species across the southern hemisphere.

Monoecious. Serotinous: cones release seeds only after fire.

Crown domed, with heavy limbs. Bark black-purple, deeply fissured. Needles in bundles of three, 12cm. Cones broad and woody, 14cm, retained in clusters on branches for many years.

A very fast-growing tree on hot, dry sites, reaching 60m tall in just 40 years in plantations.

In countries where introduced can be invasive, especially after wildfires.

None.

The most widely planted pine in commercial plantations in the southern hemisphere. May become a species of commercial interest in north-west Europe under a warming climate.