Harvested for its edible seeds for centuries, this species is the source of the pine nut, a delicacy eaten raw, roasted, or ground as the main constituent of pesto.

Native to coastal areas of European countries around the Mediterranean, but very widely cultivated. Occasional specimens can be found in warm, sheltered places further north and west in Europe.

Monoecious. Female cones take three years to mature.

A relatively small pine (20m) with a distinctive domed, umbrella-like crown of several limbs radiating from a short trunk, hence ‘Umbrella Pine’. Needles in pairs, twisting and sharp-tipped. Cones broad, to 15cm.

Prefers well-drained and sandy soils, but this is a resilient species tolerant of frost, drought, and coastal conditions.

Seeds popular with birds and mammals (including humans!).

Generally free of significant pests or pathogens. Even though it is widely distributed, this species has remarkably low genetic diversity, potentially making it vulnerable to emerging future threats.

Often deployed to help stabilise sand dunes to prevent coastal erosion. Grown commercially in stands for its edible seeds. A popular ornamental species.